Water Vapor On Mars: A Refined Climatology And Nearsurface Concentration Enabled By Synergistic
Retrievals
E W. Knutsen, Latmos/Ipsl, Uvsq Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, Cnrs, Guyancourt,
France (Elise-Wright.Knutsen@Latmos.Ipsl.Fr), F. Montmessin, Latmos/Ipsl, Uvsq Université Paris-Saclay,
Sorbonne Université, Cnrs, Guyancourt, France, L. Verdier, Latmos/Ipsl, Uvsq Université Paris-Saclay,
Sorbonne Université, Cnrs, Guyancourt, France, G. Lacombe, Latmos/Ipsl, Uvsq Université Parissaclay, Sorbonne Université, Cnrs, Guyancourt, France, F. Lefèvre, Latmos/Ipsl, Uvsq Université Parissaclay, Sorbonne Université, Cnrs, Guyancourt, France, S. Ferron, Acri-St, Boulevard Des Garennes,
Guyancourt, France, M. Giuranna, Iaps-Inaf, Rome, Italy, P. Wolkenberg, Iaps-Inaf, Rome, Italy, A.
Fedorova, Space Research Institute (Iki), Moscow, Russia, A. Trokhimovskiy, Space Research Institute (Iki),
Moscow, Russia, O. Korablev, Space Research Institute (Iki), Moscow, Russia.

Introduction:
Until Recently, Knowledge Of The Near-Surface
H2o Profile On Mars Mostly Relied On General
Circulation Models. The Vertical Distribution Of Water
Vapor Has Been Inferred From Nadir Measurements
(E.G.[1], [2]) And Measured Directly By Solar
Occultation Viewing Geometry With Spicam On
Mars Express Since 2004, And With The Exomars
Trace Gas Orbiter And Its Infrared Spectrometers
Nomad And Acs Since 2018 (E.G. [3], [4]).